As trainers and instructional designers, many of us are becoming more and more involved with asynchronous, self-directed elearning. Some of us are designing courses ourselves for staff. Many more are directing staff to existing courses via WebJunction, or through providers like LE@D or the University of Wisconsin-Madison SLIS.
The Good and the Bad of Self-Directed Elearning
There are well-known advantages to self-directed elearning. These include:
- reduced travel cost and time
- can be taken most any time and any place with an Internet-connected device
- cost effectiveness – courses are often reasonably priced relative to real-time training
- standardization – all learners get the same information
- learners can control their own experience, work at their own pace and repeat content as needed
- learners have the freedom to explore and to fail without a roomful of peers and an instructor watching
These advantages are compelling and can lead organizations to blindly adopt self-directed elearning for staff development. But there are downsides for learners worth considering. The big ones include:
- lack of motivation to complete courses or trouble managing time without start-and-end-date structure
- learners feel isolated and miss the opportunity to share ideas, get clarification or have questions answered
- it can be more of a challenge to transfer what’s learned to the real-world work environment
Moore’s Three Interactions
When I think about learning and addressing disadvantages like these, I often come back to Moore’s Three Types of Interaction. Moore’s three interactions are:
- learner with content,
- learner with instructor or expert, and
- learner with learner.
This is a simple framework that can be applied whenever we want to maximize learning.
“Learner with content” interaction is what we typically think about when we consider education—reading a text, listening to a lecture. This is the common interaction in a self-directed elearning course.
“Learner with expert” interactions go beyond the dump of information typically associated with a lecture or the standard click-and-read elearning course. Learner-expert interactions are important for clarification of concepts and providing alternative explanations for different learners with different styles and levels of understanding. They also provide essential guidance with applying what’s learned to the real world.
“Learner with learner” interactions are important for learners to test and synthesize their ideas among peers. Learner-learner interactions are central to many learning theories and pedagogies (see social constructivism, communities of practice, problem-based learning, team-based learning and authentic learning as examples). As with learner-expert interactions, learner-learner interactions are often lacking in self-directed elearning experiences.
Finding A Way to Blend All Three
How can we help to blend in all types of interaction when we’re offering asynchronous, self-directed elearning at our libraries, and address the known disadvantages?
At the Colorado State Library, we developed a straightforward model for libraries implementing this kind of learning that blends all interactions. The model includes considerations and actions for both learners and their managers. The full model is available as a handout: Strategies for Online Learning Success.
The model starts with questions to ask during a planning stage, where the learner and manager closely consider the needs of the organization and the learner, and look in advance at how the learning will be applied. The model goes on with suggestions for making a commitment to learning, through scheduling, clarifying expectations, and defining what success looks like.
Spending time in these early phases works to ensure the learning is relevant to the learner and to the organization, is being taken at the appropriate time, and is supported with time and scheduling. These phases begin to provide structure and support for the learner-content interaction even before the coursework begins.
The model then offers further structure to support the learner while consuming the course content. The bulk of the learner-content interaction takes place here. Learner-expert interactions also begin, with the manager mentoring on course content and assessing the learning.
Both learner-expert and learner-learner interactions are addressed in the last phases of application and sharing. Here the learner is coached in applying the material to the workplace by the manager. The learner goes on to relate with peers by sharing the course content and its application in brown bags, through tip sheets and more.
This model can be implemented or repurposed in your own environment to provide much needed structure to self-directed elearning and the necessary interactions that ensure deeper learning and successful application to the workplace.
There are certainly many other ways provide a blend of interaction to support self-directed elearning for staff. How are you supporting your staff with self-directed elearning? Are you allowing for learner-expert and learner-learner interactions? Please share your ideas, approaches, successes and failures in the comments.



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