A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats: Institutionalizing Self-Directed Learning at Douglas County Libraries

Many of us are familiar with the Learning 2.0 program started by Helene Blowers. This Web 2.0 training program has been riffed on by many libraries, and some are now using the model to deliver other kinds of training beyond Web 2.0 tools. As an example, South Dakota State Library staff recently tweaked the model to deliver database training in their state.

Last week I had the pleasure of talking to Missy Shock on her development of this model. Missy is the training director at Douglas County Libraries. She and her 3 trainers implemented Colorado’s version of Web 2.0 training with all the public service staff in her libraries. They had such success that they’re leveraging the model for other trainings. What follows are some excerpts from our conversation.

What benefit did your staff get from your Web 2.0 training?

...the program allowed staff to develop a level of confidence in learning on their own.Some of our staff were excited about the program and jumped in, while others took longer to come around. I think what got everyone hooked was the usefulness of the tools. We haven’t done formal evaluation yet, but we definitely see that they’ve institutionalized the use of these tools. And this is not just the early adopters. When people need to set up a meeting, they set up a doodle poll. When people need to work collaboratively, they’re using Google Docs. People are blogging their project reports. I didn’t see these tools being used before the training.

We’ve also noticed that the program allowed staff to develop a level of confidence for learning on their own. Staff needed learn the model and get used to it, but now that they’re familiar with it, we want to use it for more training as soon as possible.

What are your plans for developing the self-directed online learning approach?

Possible trainings using the Blowers modelThis is a great approach for tech training, so most of our plans are related to technology. The first training being developed is with e-readers. We also have a “library as publisher” initiative coming and it’s likely we’ll use this approach for e-pub training. Other possibilities include current productivity tools, databases and ILS training.

Beyond technology, I can see it being used for library skills, for example, if we have a storytime initiative come down and training is needed. I can also see it used for staff orientation which is already online in a number of Captivate and other videos.

How are you creating these new trainings?

We liked the Learning 2.0 structure where large topics are broken down into modules with lessons, and we’ll use that. We’re using a blog format and decided on WordPress.com. With this approach we’re self-sufficient and not reliant on our IT department. This allows us to do quick development—get content from our SMEs, design the training using the model, then roll it right out. What’s great about this model is that you can start building modules and roll them out, while still creating more. We can be responsive to the needs of the organization, and even have multiple people developing multiple trainings at one time if that’s called for.

What do you do about those learners who are resistant to online training?

We take the approach of personal hand holding to deal with resistance. We’re available to support staff when needed. In our approach, supervisors and managers are playing more of a role in tracking and in guidance on the trainings. They receive a log sheet from us with information on how much time each module should take. Then if it takes that person longer, we know they need face-to-face help, which is available from the trainers or other helpful coworkers.

Contact with others can be built into your design.People talk about how this kind of training is a challenge for learners who like contact with other people. But this is something you can build in as part of your design. Offering a variety of activities is crucial for application within the workplace, so we’ll use multiple options and choices within the discovery exercises. Many of these can involve interpersonal contact. With the e-reader training, we might have an exercise where the learner needs to do an exercise with someone they know who owns an e-reader, or to go to Best Buy to get some hands on experience with devices. We’ll also have them buddy up with others on some of the exercises. Not only does this allow for contact but it also lets them see how to do something in a way they might not have done themselves.

Ultimately, for this to work, you have to have someone minding the store. It doesn’t even need to be a trainer—it can be a supervisor, a manager, or any of a library’s go-to people. There needs to be someone who will monitor and manage the process of the particular training. The program is about more than just the learners. You can’t just put it out there without someone being responsible for it.

What’s your ultimate goal with this approach?

...the competency level of everyone is raised.As I mentioned, staff is more confident about learning more after using this model. There’s the saying, a rising tide lifts all boats. Because of the way staff is demonstrating their learning to managers, supervisors and each other, the competency level of everyone is raised.

As we bring more of these trainings to staff, they’re becoming more responsible for their own learning, will ask for time to do it and will manage it more on their own. I can see that this would ultimately evolve into a system where staff is developing their own personal learning plans in a way that can be integrated into their performance plans and evaluations.


If you’re using the Blowers model to support different kinds of training, I’d love to hear from you in the comments. Let us all know what you’ve got in the works!

Mary Beth Faccioli

Mary Beth Faccioli, MLIS is the Instructional Design and Technology Senior Consultant at the Colorado State Library.

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A Model to Support Self-Directed Elearning

As trainers and instructional designers, many of us are becoming more and more involved with asynchronous, self-directed elearning. Some of us are designing courses ourselves for staff. Many more are directing staff to existing courses via WebJunction, or through providers like LE@D or the University of Wisconsin-Madison SLIS.

The Good and the Bad of Self-Directed Elearning

There are well-known advantages to self-directed elearning. These include:

  • reduced travel cost and time
  • can be taken most any time and any place with an Internet-connected device
  • cost effectiveness – courses are often reasonably priced relative to real-time training
  • standardization – all learners get the same information
  • learners can control their own experience, work at their own pace and repeat content as needed
  • learners have the freedom to explore and to fail without a roomful of peers and an instructor watching

These advantages are compelling and can lead organizations to blindly adopt self-directed elearning for staff development. But there are downsides for learners worth considering. The big ones include:

  • lack of motivation to complete courses or trouble managing time without start-and-end-date structure
  • learners feel isolated and miss the opportunity to share ideas, get clarification or have questions answered
  • it can be more of a challenge to transfer what’s learned to the real-world work environment

Moore’s Three Interactions

Moore's Three InteractionsWhen I think about learning and addressing disadvantages like these, I often come back to Moore’s Three Types of Interaction. Moore’s three interactions are:

  1. learner with content,
  2. learner with instructor or expert, and
  3. learner with learner.

This is a simple framework that can be applied whenever we want to maximize learning.

“Learner with content” interaction is what we typically think about when we consider education—reading a text, listening to a lecture. This is the common interaction in a self-directed elearning course.

“Learner with expert” interactions go beyond the dump of information typically associated with a lecture or the standard click-and-read elearning course. Learner-expert interactions are important for clarification of concepts and providing alternative explanations for different learners with different styles and levels of understanding. They also provide essential guidance with applying what’s learned to the real world.

“Learner with learner” interactions are important for learners to test and synthesize their ideas among peers. Learner-learner interactions are central to many learning theories and pedagogies (see social constructivism, communities of practice, problem-based learning, team-based learning and authentic learning as examples). As with learner-expert interactions, learner-learner interactions are often lacking in self-directed elearning experiences.

Finding A Way to Blend All Three

How can we help to blend in all types of interaction when we’re offering asynchronous, self-directed elearning at our libraries, and address the known disadvantages?

At the Colorado State Library, we developed a straightforward model for libraries implementing this kind of learning that blends all interactions. The model includes considerations and actions for both learners and their managers. The full model is available as a handout: Strategies for Online Learning Success.

Strategies for Online Learning Success

The model starts with questions to ask during a planning stage, where the learner and manager closely consider the needs of the organization and the learner, and look in advance at how the learning will be applied. The model goes on with suggestions for making a commitment to learning, through scheduling, clarifying expectations, and defining what success looks like.

Spending time in these early phases works to ensure the learning is relevant to the learner and to the organization, is being taken at the appropriate time, and is supported with time and scheduling. These phases begin to provide structure and support for the learner-content interaction even before the coursework begins.

The model then offers further structure to support the learner while consuming the course content. The bulk of the learner-content interaction takes place here. Learner-expert interactions also begin, with the manager mentoring on course content and assessing the learning.

Both learner-expert and learner-learner interactions are addressed in the last phases of application and sharing. Here the learner is coached in applying the material to the workplace by the manager. The learner goes on to relate with peers by sharing the course content and its application in brown bags, through tip sheets and more.

This model can be implemented or repurposed in your own environment to provide much needed structure to self-directed elearning and the necessary interactions that ensure deeper learning and successful application to the workplace.

There are certainly many other ways provide a blend of interaction to support self-directed elearning for staff. How are you supporting your staff with self-directed elearning? Are you allowing for learner-expert and learner-learner interactions? Please share your ideas, approaches, successes and failures in the comments.

Mary Beth Faccioli

Mary Beth Faccioli, MLIS is the Instructional Design and Technology Senior Consultant at the Colorado State Library.

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A Virtual Orientation Program—“one great webbie!”

Quoting one attendee, it was indeed a “great webbie” about the virtual orientation program that Baltimore County Public Library (BCPL) has created to onboard its new staff and volunteers. This webinar, jointly sponsored by WebJunction and the Learning Round Table, was another project outcome of LearnRT’s dynamic Emerging Leader Group N. They identified the topic and connected the presenters with the WebJunction webinar production staff.

Another attendee raved,
the most useful, informative webinar I’ve ever attended!

The superlatives are well deserved for the BCPL team. Even though you missed the live event, you can get plenty of the substance by watching the archive. Once you’ve launched the archive, listen to the first half to learn about the planning and design processes for the virtual orientation experience. The team’s deliberative and thoughtful approach is clearly reflected in the final product (even if you secretly wish they had chosen the vending machine interface).

If you’re in a hurry to see the real thing, skip down to the “App/Desktop Share Start” item in the Table of Contents window on the right. Although the actual site is part of the BCPL intranet, so not available to the public, the live tour gives you the flavor and range of ideas and strategies incorporated for orientation.

The landing page links to the five main sections, starting with “What to Expect”—an introduction to how to navigate through and use the functions of the site. Throughout the site, there is a creative combination of media that avoids over-reliance on high-tech. There are some embedded videos, but there are also more low-tech approaches of voice recorded over still photos or a photo slide show with explanatory text below. And when a simple text document is the most effective way to convey the information, that’s what you get.

The final section is “What’s Next” for the new staff member. It includes links to training opportunities and the library training calendar, an interactive quiz on the staff handbook with immediate feedback, and a list of “15 ways to shine as a new staff member.”

The 224 people who attended this webinar seemed to be itching to get back to their libraries to put some of these ideas to work. It’s likely you’ll feel the same way. Thanks Emerging Leader Group N! Thanks Learning Roundtable and WebJunction!

Betha Gutsche

Betha Gutsche has been a virtual librarian ever since receiving her MLIS from the University of Washington Information School. Immersed in the online community of WebJunction, she has cultivated community connections through forums, live online events, and writing stories about the library community. She has delved into e-learning design, curriculum development, needs assessment, and all things connected to social learning in the online world. Betha is the editor-in-chief of the Competency Index for the Library Field. She is now the manager of Project Compass, a program working with public libraries to augment their service to communities impacted by tough times. Underneath it all, Betha is an artist and loves to raise awareness of visual literacy and introduce people to the power of image.

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Fighting for Attention: Engaging E-Learning Hacks

Designing e-learning is my creative passion. I get stoked at the prospect of authoring a course that is fun, engaging, and appealing to learners. As an erstwhile student and current professional, I’ve taken scores of self-paced e-learning courses over the years. I’m often astonished by how static and dull most of these presentations are. Granted, there are technical limitations (and in some cases, design standards) that dictate how much multimedia can be used in self-paced course modules. However, smart uses of multimedia in online courses can help capture attention, which is fundamental to facilitating the learning process. Below you’ll find some of my favorite hacks for adding pizzazz to online presentations. Be sure to adhere to the terms of service of each resource listed… and be a good librarian by respecting copyright.

Let’s Get Visual

If you are in need of fun photorealistic visuals, but you are not a Photoshop pro, check out 3dVia’s 3D Collage app. This neat Facebook application allows you to design hybrid 2D/3D images by using a photograph as a backdrop and importing 3D models into the scene. 3D Collage is fast, fun, and free. Simply upload your own 2D image into the program or snag one from Flickr, locate a 3D model from inside the app’s library, and then publish the output to your Facebook profile. Once the picture has been published, simply save a copy of it and paste it into your e-learning course. I’m currently working on a point-and-click adventure about customer experience, and I’ve used 3D Collage to develop all the in-game images.

Hit learners with a quick shot of fun and creativity by using any of these e-learning hacks.

Hit learners with a quick shot of fun and creativity by using any of these e-learning hacks.


Of course there are times when you may need to add video to your e-learning modules. Youtube is an excellent clearinghouse for finding video assets. Depending on your authoring tool, however, streaming videos can present a challenge. If you are using Adobe Captivate 4, there is an excellent Youtube widget that allows for streaming directly to your Captivate presentation. If you do not have Captivate 4, you can likely import the Youtube video as a Flash video file. To save Youtube video as FLV, simply go to KeepVid, enter the URL of the video you want snag, download the file, and then save it as an FLV. Voila! You should now be able to insert the Flash video into your presentation. This tip is useful for authoring tools like Articulate and the free online course builder, Udutu.

Another hack I commonly use is recording screencasts to demonstrate processes. Screencasts are digital recordings of computer screen output. You do not need anything expensive like the commercial version of Camtasia to record one. It’s possible to make a screencast directly from your browser by using Screencast-o-matic.com. Screencast-o-matic integrates with Youtube so that you have a place to host your screencasts for free, provided you have a Youtube account. After recording the screencast, simply upload it to YouTube from the Screencast-o-matic interface. You can link to the screencast, stream it during a course if you are using Captivate’s Youtube widget, or you can rip the FLV file using KeepVid.

It’s Not What You Say, but How You Say It

I prefer self-paced e-learning modules that have audio narration (with the option to mute in the event that the narrator is terrible!) When recording audio, course authors must be mindful of sound quality and audio level. A best practice that I recommend is to record the audio separately, using an editor like the freeware Audacity, and then optimize the audio before importing it into a course. This ensures that all slides have equal sound levels. You can also use Audacity for more creative purposes. Consider applying a voice filter to the narration of an objective slide for a change in pace. If you are using characters or agents in your e-learning, you can also apply filters to their voices for a bit of variety. Here are my three favorite custom filters for Audacity and directions for creating each.

Robot Voice Filter:
1. Record voice
2. Highlight selection
3. Go to Effect, then scroll down to Delay
4. Change the Decay amount 10
5. Change the Delay time to .009
6. Change the Number of Echoes to 30, then click OK
7. Go back to Effect, and repeat Delay four times.
8. Play your edited track

Chipmunk filter:
1. Record voice
2. Highlight selection
3. Go to Effect, then select Change Pitch
4. Modify the Percent Change to 117.50
5. Play your edited track

Walkie-Talkie Filter:
1. Record voice
2. Highlight selection
3. Go to Effect, then FFT Filter
4. Click on purple line and drag it up to the top (12db)
5. Click 10000Hz
6. Click OK
7. Click Effect, then High Pass Filter
8. Change Cutoff Frequency to 2000, then click OK
9. Repeat this process 2 times
10. Play your edited track

Have fun using these hacks, but resist the urge of inserting too many. There is no substitute to sound instructional design.

Jay Turner

Jay Turner, Training Manager at Gwinnett County Public Library in Georgia, is responsible for all aspects of learning and development for a staff of 300+ employees. He considers himself a lifelong student, and delights in sharing his passion for learning with anyone willing to listen (much to their chagrin!) He is a library lifer, who began working in libraries as a teen and has worn almost every conceivable public services hat since. Jay’s diversity of experience helps him develop and deliver solutions that are creative, practical, and effective. He is a self-proclaimed information and tech junkie, who gets his fix by playing in his “digital sandbox” with new tools and neat ideas to make learning more accessible, more flexible, and more fun across any medium. He can be reached at jayturner[at]comcast.net.

An elearning adventure

We’re conducting an experiment over at WebJunction. And you can help us discover the answers. It’s called the Learn Together Project.

The challenge: can we take a self-paced, online, non-library-specific course and give it meaningful, social engagement with library context?

The course: The Customer’s Voice, a course in improving our anticipation and satisfaction of customers’ (patrons’) expectations

The setup:

  • We (WJ) create a group as a virtual classroom.
  • We invite people in the library world to join the group and sign up for the same course at the same time. (This is where you come in.)
  • We have a live-online kickoff meeting to get the learning juices flowing.
  • We proceed independently through the course.
  • We share our insights and comments in the discussions, and share library-relevant resources with the group.
  • We feel increased motivation and energy to learn and to apply our new knowledge to improve customer service on the job.
  • We learn together.

If you want to participate in our social learning experiment, join the group, enroll in the course, and we’ll see you at the kick-off meeting.

Betha Gutsche

Betha Gutsche has been a virtual librarian ever since receiving her MLIS from the University of Washington Information School. Immersed in the online community of WebJunction, she has cultivated community connections through forums, live online events, and writing stories about the library community. She has delved into e-learning design, curriculum development, needs assessment, and all things connected to social learning in the online world. Betha is the editor-in-chief of the Competency Index for the Library Field. She is now the manager of Project Compass, a program working with public libraries to augment their service to communities impacted by tough times. Underneath it all, Betha is an artist and loves to raise awareness of visual literacy and introduce people to the power of image.

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Social learning


Connective Knowledge tag cloud from ManyEyes

I finally read David Wienberger’s latest book, Everything Is Miscellaneous –the one everyone was buzzing about awhile back. While I admit to a catalogically geeky fascination with the evolution of knowledge organization, the aha! that I took away from the book relates to how we learn, how we ingest real meaning from bits of knowledge, and how randomness feeds that meaning. The key to learning is connectivity.

Our society’s traditional notion of knowledge acquisition is that it’s a solo affair, as Weinberger posits in the chapter on Social Knowing. Most of our educational system is built on that assumption—just consider the weighty standardized tests imposed on high schoolers, where each student sits in a cone of mental isolation and searches for the relevant bits of information swimming around in her solitary brain. One of the great challenges of online learning is how to socialize self-paced learning, which by nature fits with the solitary model.

Steven Downes’s essay on E-Learning 2.0 (Oct 2005) suggests the potential for online learning to break out of the isolation ward and into the rich sphere of socially networked learning.

“What happens when online learning software ceases to be a type of content-consumption tool, where learning is ‘delivered,’ and becomes more like a content-authoring tool, where learning is created? The model of e-learning as being a type of content, produced by publishers, organized and structured into courses, and consumed by students, is turned on its head. Insofar as there is content, it is used rather than read … And insofar as there is structure, it is more likely to resemble a language or a conversation rather than a book or a manual.”

The success of Learning 2.0 had as much to do with the social interaction among the participants as it did with the exploration of the cool tools. As we design instruction for staff development, let’s focus on the connectivity between people, whether electronic or f2f.

btw, if you don’t have time to read Weinberger’s book, you can spend 57 minutes watching the video –the YouTube generation’s version of Cliff Notes.

Betha Gutsche

Betha Gutsche has been a virtual librarian ever since receiving her MLIS from the University of Washington Information School. Immersed in the online community of WebJunction, she has cultivated community connections through forums, live online events, and writing stories about the library community. She has delved into e-learning design, curriculum development, needs assessment, and all things connected to social learning in the online world. Betha is the editor-in-chief of the Competency Index for the Library Field. She is now the manager of Project Compass, a program working with public libraries to augment their service to communities impacted by tough times. Underneath it all, Betha is an artist and loves to raise awareness of visual literacy and introduce people to the power of image.

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Captivating your Online Audience

Thanks to Pete and Gail for inviting me to add my words of wisdom to this blog (whatever those words may be I’m not sure yet!)

At SOLINET, we are busily creating asynchronous classes using Adobe Captivate.  We used to use a product called Toolbook and unfortunately when the one person at SOLINET who knew how to use it and update it, left the company, we decided it wasn’t worth our time to re-learn it.  So for a couple of years we haven’t really had any asynch training.  It has been an interesting road to deciding on a product.  It took a long time to finally decide on Captivate – and most of it was a money issue.  I personally wanted something a lot more robust and complex but those cost a lot.  So we did a lot of testing internally and finally decided on Captivate.  There is a new version coming out (#3 to be exact) in August and I have high hopes for some of the quiz functionality.  I’m curious to see if anyone has any specific tips to share about creating content with Captivate.